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The study investigates the impact of various financing sources of working capital and fixed investment on sales growth. Population of the study comprises South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries' small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Data of 6777 SMEs is retrieved from World Bank's website. Multiple regression model is used to achieve the study objectives. Results signify a positive link between bank financing use for working capital and sales growth while the negative link between friends and family finance and sales growth is observed. Similarly all formal sources of finance used for fixed investment have positive link with sales growth. Finally, it is found that the government interventions and policy makers can alleviate access to formal sources of finance for boosting sales growth.

The Messenger of ALLAH Almighty, the Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (peace be upon him) has said "Ar-Rashi Wal Murtashi Kila huma Finnar" that mean "the giver and taker of bribes (corrupt) will both go to the fire of hell". This research analyzes corruption's effect on existing social values in Peshawar region of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A total of 150 respondents were selected as sample using stratified random sampling technique for study using Likert scale as measurement tool in interview schedule. The bi-variate and uni-variate analyses were made for reaching results. The existence of the effect of "corruption perception" as independent variable's effects were assessed on the "social values in political institutions" as dependent variable by applying Chi-square test. Furthermore, Gamma (y) statistics' application was made for finding the bond and relationship's direction. It was concluded that a significant association prevails regarding corruption perception with organized corruption alliance between government servants and politicians (P=0.002), politicians who are corrupt do safeguard corrupt interests (P=0.000) and favoured political environment (P=0.000). Moreover, posting candid politicians on significant government posts (P=0.000), removing political influence form bureaucracy (P=0.000), making politicians accountable to agencies related to stopping corruption (P=0.000), recompensing politicians of honesty (P=0.033), sensitizing politicians to be aware of corruption (P=0.000) and applying court's judgements regarding reducing corruption (P=0.000) were found significantly associated with improving state of corruption.

In Pakistan's context, there is a dire need to evolve a strategy to counter violent extremism. This paper argues that Pakistan, along with hard power, should also consider the elements of soft power to counter violent extremism. As soft power is meant to win hearts of the people by applying non-violent procedures, therefore to countering extremist ideology a combination of both hard and soft powers is need of the hour. This will strengthen national integration process, enhances community resilience against extremism and accelerates the process of rehabilitation and reintegration of militants in to the society. In order to understand the elements of soft power would prove effective for a particular society also requires a clear understanding of political, cultural and religious settings of that society. In this regard, to counter terrorism and violent extremism in Pakistan, this paper will focus on approaches of soft power. While accepting the importance of de-radicalisation programmes, this paper will also try to infuse elements of soft power in addition to the existing strategies of countering violent extremism and terrorism in Pakistan.

The study investigates the impact of various financing sources of working capital and fixed investment on sales growth. Population of the study comprises South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries' small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Data of 6777 SMEs is retrieved from World Bank's website. Multiple regression model is used to achieve the study objectives. Results signify a positive link between bank financing use for working capital and sales growth while the negative link between friends and family finance and sales growth is observed. Similarly all formal sources of finance used for fixed investment have positive link with sales growth. Finally, it is found that the government interventions and policy makers can alleviate access to formal sources of finance for boosting sales growth.

The study investigates the impact of various financing sources of working capital and fixed investment on sales growth. Population of the study comprises South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries' small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Data of 6777 SMEs is retrieved from World Bank's website. Multiple regression model is used to achieve the study objectives. Results signify a positive link between bank financing use for working capital and sales growth while the negative link between friends and family finance and sales growth is observed. Similarly all formal sources of finance used for fixed investment have positive link with sales growth. Finally, it is found that the government interventions and policy makers can alleviate access to formal sources of finance for boosting sales growth.

The current United States' aggressive and unilateral trade policy, as well as the rapid rise of the Chinese unique economic system – now challenging the constant rules-based trade's institution and global trading system. In the current on-going US-China trade spat, the European Union (EU) has a substantial interest, even if it has been so far reasonably kept from the United States (US) aggressive trade policy and the reaction of China. In such unpredictable circumstances, I begin to argue that the EU should adopt a practically independent trade policy, which can be made rendering to the contemporary setup and going beyond. Finding that how the EU treated both the US and China, I found that the EU was more adjacent to the US than China, but as China became more open to the world and the EU demand upsurge, the EU today shared an equal interest with both China and the US. I then demonstrate that such situation makes it impossible for the EU to build an extensive trade policy. The EU must make a steady trade policy for protecting its economy; in such case, I never mean that the EU has to make an extensive choice or either siding China or the US, or one against the other – EU to protect its economic market can decide and act henceforth. The EU, even more than China and the US, abide and has a strategic interest in preserving global rules-based organization such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). As the US repeatedly challenged the WTO Appellate Body, I then recommend that the EU should take the leadership for making WTO reforms and negotiation together with other aligned states like China and Japan. The EU must reinforce its domestic tools for addressing present and future challenges, mostly in trade and security related areas. In the time being, I suggest that the EU should prepare itself for a more stringent time; the EU should review and rethink some of its trade policy. In such situations, I believe that the EU parliaments can play a vital role to contest with the current challenges and come up with new trade ...

The Messenger of ALLAH Almighty, the Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (peace be upon him) has said "Ar-Rashi Wal Murtashi Kila huma Finnar" that mean "the giver and taker of bribes (corrupt) will both go to the fire of hell". This research analyzes corruption's effect on existing social values in Peshawar region of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A total of 150 respondents were selected as sample using stratified random sampling technique for study using Likert scale as measurement tool in interview schedule. The bi-variate and uni-variate analyses were made for reaching results. The existence of the effect of "corruption perception" as independent variable's effects were assessed on the "social values in political institutions" as dependent variable by applying Chi-square test. Furthermore, Gamma (y) statistics' application was made for finding the bond and relationship's direction. It was concluded that a significant association prevails regarding corruption perception with organized corruption alliance between government servants and politicians (P=0.002), politicians who are corrupt do safeguard corrupt interests (P=0.000) and favoured political environment (P=0.000). Moreover, posting candid politicians on significant government posts (P=0.000), removing political influence form bureaucracy (P=0.000), making politicians accountable to agencies related to stopping corruption (P=0.000), recompensing politicians of honesty (P=0.033), sensitizing politicians to be aware of corruption (P=0.000) and applying court's judgements regarding reducing corruption (P=0.000) were found significantly associated with improving state of corruption.

Purpose: Product Placement is nowadays popular tool of advertisement. It is very difficult to place the product and synchronize it with the natural environment so that the consumer is acknowledged and has positive vibes towards the placed products brand. Objectives of this Research Article are that we have to find relation between Product Placement, Consumer Perception towards ethics of Product Placement, Consumer Recognition with Program Celebrity that leads to Consumer Purchase Intention. Methodology/Sampling: The study is based on 600 consumers who take part in the study and Quantitative Research methods are used to analyze the results. SPSS 20.0 is used for the purpose of data analysis in this study. Findings: The results showed that there is a positive relationship between these variables Product Placement, Consumer Perception towards ethics of Product Placement, Consumer Recognition with Program Celebrity that leads to Consumer Purchase Intention and Consumer Purchase Intention. Practical Implication: This study recommends Brands and their Product Placement strategists to follow the ethical approach in placing their Product in the movie or Television series use the Celebrity attachment with the Product in a way that there is a Positive effect on the Consumer and our goal to enhance Consumer Purchase Intention is accomplished.